Other types of antidepressants, which target neurotransmitters other than serotonin, have not proven effective in treating PMDD. Another option is the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine (Effexor). Usually, the first choice is one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) such as sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), or fluoxetine (Prozac). Documentation by daily symptom ratings for at least two menstrual cyclesĪntidepressants that slow the reuptake of serotonin are effective for many women with PMDD.Symptoms are not due to a cyclical exacerbation of another disorder.Symptoms interfere with activities, work, school, or relationships.Physical symptoms, such as breast tenderness or bloating.Five or more of the following symptoms (at least one related to mood) for most menstrual cycles in the past year:.Proposed criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Other risk factors for developing PMDD include stress, being overweight or obese, and a past history of trauma or sexual abuse.Īlso, it's important to rule out other conditions that cause symptoms similar to PMDD, such as depression, dysthymia, anxiety, and hypothyroidism.Ī key challenge in PMDD diagnosis is differentiating between mild premenstrual symptoms, which may be annoying but are not disabling, and those severe enough to interfere with daily life. Genetic vulnerability likely contributes. But it's not clear why some women are more sensitive than others. These hormones affect the functioning of neurotransmitter systems that influence mood and thinking - and in this way may trigger PMDD. Some dietary and lifestyle changes may also help relieve symptoms.īrain areas that regulate emotion and behavior are studded with receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and other sex hormones.Hormone therapies provide additional options but are generally considered second-line treatments.These drugs alleviate the symptoms of PMDD more quickly than those of major depression, which means that women don't necessarily have to take the drugs every day.Antidepressants that slow the reuptake of serotonin provide effective treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).Fortunately, treatment options exist for PMDD. PMDD can disrupt a woman's life and relationships so completely, she may even consider suicide. However, some women of childbearing age experience premenstrual symptoms that are so severe they cause significant mental distress and interfere with work, school, or relationships - thereby meeting the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD. Most women experience some degree of emotional or physical discomfort a few days before and just after their menstrual period begins each month.
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